![]() If he went to the trouble of inspiring the text, why didn't he go to the trouble of preserving the text? Why did he allow scribes to change it? And it finally occurred to me that if I really thought that God had inspired this text . The scribes were changing them, sometimes in big ways, but lots of times in little ways. I realized that at the time we had over 5,000 manuscripts of the New Testament, and no two of them are exactly alike. I did my very best to hold on to my faith that the Bible was the inspired word of God with no mistakes and that lasted for about two years . During such studies at Princeton, however, he became convinced that there are contradictions and discrepancies in the biblical manuscripts that could not be harmonized or reconciled: He later became a student at the Princeton Theological Seminary, where he studied ancient languages, particularly Koine Greek, and textual criticism. His desire to understand the original words of the Bible led him to enroll in the Moody Bible Institute and Wheaton College, where he received a three-year diploma and a bachelor's degree. In Misquoting Jesus, he recounts being certain in his youthful enthusiasm that God had inspired the wording of the Bible and protected its texts from all error. Career Įhrman was raised in an Anglican family and was originally a member of the Episcopal Church of the United States as a teenager, he became a born-again evangelical. Both baccalaureate and doctorate were conferred magna cum laude. He received his PhD (in 1985) and MDiv from Princeton Theological Seminary, where he studied textual criticism of the Bible, development of the New Testament canon and New Testament apocrypha under Bruce Metzger. He is a 1978 graduate of Wheaton College in Illinois, where he received his bachelor's degree. He began studying the Bible, biblical theology, and biblical languages at Moody Bible Institute, where he earned the school's three-year diploma in 1976. ISSN 1355-2198.Born on October 5, 1955, Ehrman grew up in Lawrence, Kansas, and attended Lawrence High School, where he was on the state champion debate team in 1973. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics. ![]() "Do the laws of physics forbid the operation of time machines?". Earman, John Smeenk, Christopher Wüthrich, Christian ()."Essential self-adjointness: implications for determinism and the classical–quantum correspondence". "ASPECTS OF DETERMINISM IN MODERN PHYSICS". Stöltzner (eds.), Time and History: Proceedings of the 28th International Ludwig Wittgenstein Symposium (Ontos-Verlag, 2006). "In the Beginning, At the End, and All in Between: Cosmological Aspects of Time," F. ![]() Oxford, England New York: Oxford University Press. ![]() Hume's abject failure : the argument against miracles. Bangs, crunches, whimpers, and shrieks : singularities and acausalities in relativistic spacetimes. Place of publication not identified: Bradford Books. Bayes or bust? : a critical examination of bayesian confirmation theory. World enough and space-time : absolute versus relational theories of space and time. Which, Earman argues, is a case against substantialism, as the case between determinism or indeterminism should be a question of physics, not of our commitment to substantialism. These considerations show that, since substantialism allows the construction of holes, that the universe must, on that view, be indeterministic. This is a technical mathematical argument but can be paraphrased as follows:ĭefine a function d. The "hole argument" offered by John Earman is a powerful argument against manifold substantialism. With the GTR, the traditional debate between absolutism and relationalism has been shifted to whether or not spacetime is a substance, since the GTR largely rules out the existence of, e.g., absolute positions. It was revived and reformulated in the modern context by John3 (a short form for the "three Johns": John Earman, John Stachel, and John Norton). The hole argument was invented for different purposes by Albert Einstein late in 1913 as part of his quest for the general theory of relativity (GTR). Earman has notably contributed to debate about the " hole argument".
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